Section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code designates certain types of organizations as tax-exempt, meaning that they pay no federal income tax. While there are many different types of tax-exempt nonprofit organizations recognized by the IRS, the four most common types are 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), and 501(c)(6).
When a new nonprofit applies for tax-exempt status, it’s important to choose the correct type. You must consider your mission, your activities, the community you serve, and any plans for political engagement.
501(c)(3)
Charitable, religious, literary, scientific, or educational organizations, including public charities and private foundations
Schools
Hospitals
Food banks
Churches
Zoos and museums
Human services organizations
Animal welfare agencies
Research institutions
Public safety organizations
Tax Deductible?
Yes! Most donations to 501(c)(3) organizations are tax deductible.
Political Activities?
May engage in limited political lobbying – such as advocating for or against specific legislation – as long as it is not a substantial part of the organization’s overall activities.
May not engage in any political campaign activities, endorse any political candidates or share any partisan political messages.
501(c)(4)
Social welfare organizations that operate for the benefit of an entire community
Advocacy groups
Lobbying groups
Volunteer fire departments
Homeowners associations
Community service clubs
Tax Deductible?
No. Donations to 501(c)(4) organizations are not tax deductible.
Political Activities?
May engage in unlimited political lobbying, as long as the lobbying promotes the organization’s mission.
May also engage in political campaign activities - including endorsing political candidates - as long as it is not the organization’s primary focus.
501(c)(5)
Labor, agricultural, and horticultural organizations that aim to improve working conditions, increase efficiency, or enhance products
Labor unions
Farm bureaus
County fairs
Rodeos
Garden clubs
Tax Deductible?
No. Donations to 501(c)(5) organizations are not tax deductible.
Political Activities?
May engage in unlimited political lobbying, as long as the lobbying promotes the organization’s mission.
May also engage in political campaign activities - including endorsing political candidates - as long as it is not the organization’s primary focus.
501(c)(6)
Professional associations and business leagues focused on promoting the interests of their industry or profession
Professional or trade associations
Chambers of commerce
Real estate boards
Tax Deductible?
No. Donations to 501(c)(6) organizations are not tax deductible.
Political Activities?
May engage in unlimited political lobbying, as long as the lobbying promotes the organization’s mission.
May also engage in political campaign activities - including endorsing political candidates - as long as it is not the organization’s primary focus.
